Publications

Dr. Hakim has published many peer reviewed publications, review articles and research abstracts that have helped advance the specialty of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. He dedicated six years primarily to TMJ surgery research because he believed it was the field that lacked the most understanding compared to other areas of the specialty. He put his effort where the highest impact would be. Below is a summary of his publications in a reverse chronological order:

Ward CK, Hakim MA. Pearls and Pitfalls of Temporomandibular Joint Arthroscopy. Pearls and Pitfalls in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 2024 May 18 (pp. 275-282). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

The name of this book chapter is self descriptive. It has details on how surgeons can avoid common mistakes during TMJ arthroscopy.

Ward C, Hakim M. Inferior Joint Space Temporomandibular Joint Arthroscopy: Broadening The Horizon Of Advanced Operative Arthroscopy Procedures. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2024 Jan 1;52:62.

This abstract was presented at the International Congress for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in Vancouver in June of 2023. It introduced an arthroscopic technique to address parts of the Temporomandibular Joint that could only be accessed with open incisions.

Ward CK, Hakim M. Outcomes of Double-Suture Arthroscopic Discopexy Part 1: Technique, A Review of 79 Postoperative MRIs and a Protocol for Their Interpretation. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2023 Sep 1;81(9):S46-7.

This is an abstract for a study that has changed the way Dr. Hakim practices TMJ surgery and he is confident that it will have a tremendous impact on the way surgeons approach the Temporomandibular Joint once it's fully published. It critically analyzes the clinical and radiographic outcomes of arthroscopic disc repositioning for patients who have a displaced TMJ disc. Most surgeons can only do this with an open technique, while Dr. Hakim is one of a handful of surgeons in the world, who can perform this surgery arthroscopically with impeccable technique. If you are suffering from TMJ disc displacement, please ask Dr. Hakim to share the findings of this study with you.

Ahn DY, Hakim MA, August M, Kaban LB, Troulis MJ. Hypomobility and Hypermobility Disorders of the Temporomandibular Joint. In Peterson’s Principles of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 2022 Aug 9 (pp. 1663-1691). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

This book chapter discusses different conditions that can affect the jaw mobility and how to treat them.

McCain JP, Montero J, Ahn DY, Hakim MA. Arthroscopy and Arthrocentesis of the Temporomandibular Joint. Peterson’s principles of oral and maxillofacial surgery. 2022 Aug 9:1569-624.

This book chapter discusses proper technique for minimally invasive management of orthopedic problems affecting the TMJ.

Zacharias JR, McCain JP, Curtin HD, Wang J, Hakim MA. Extravasation of Irrigant to the Parapharyngeal Space During Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Arthroscopy Requiring Prolonged Intubation: A Case Review of the Literature. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Anesthesia. 2022 Mar 31;1.

This case report discusses a rare complication of TMJ arthroscopy and how to avoid it.

Are Stem Cells Useful in the Regeneration and Repair of Cartilage Defects in the TMJ Condyle? An In Vivo Study

This study explored the use of stem cells in regeneration of the TMJ in mice.

Askar H, Aronovich S, Christensen BJ, McCain J, Hakim M. Is Arthroscopic Disk Repositioning Equally Efficacious to Open Disk Repositioning? A Systematic Review. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2021 Oct 1;79(10):2030-41.

In this study, Dr. Hakim et al compared the clinical outcomes of open and arthroscopic disc repositioning surgeries and concluded that the current research on TMJ is too poor to compare outcomes. These findings gave Dr. Hakim motivation to start using patient focused outcome measures to report the outcomes of TMJ surgery.

Hakim M, Fanelli C, McCain JP. Anatomic Changes in the Temporomandibular Joint after Arthroscopic Disk Repositioning: A Retrospective Case Series. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2020 Oct 1;78(10):e36-7.

This was a small pilot study that Dr. Hakim later repeated on a larger scale at the University of Michigan. It was the beginning of his passion for having a deeper understanding of the outcomes of arthroscopic disc repositioning surgery.

Hakim M, Fanelli C, McCain JP. Is Arthroscopic Surgery Useful in Management of Prosthetic Temporomandibular Joint Failure? A Follow-Up Case Series. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2020 Oct 1;78(10):e37-8.

Dr. Hakim re-examined the findings of the original study in this abstract. In TMJ, usually joint replacement is considered the last line of treatment. But what happens if the prosthetic joint fails? Dr. Hakim alongside the co-authors performed advanced arthroscopic surgeries to salvage prosthetic joints. When he lectures nationally and internationally, he advises every surgeon not to attempt performing arthroscopy of a prosthetic TMJ given how technique sensitive it was and the risk of complications in the inexperienced hands.

Das S, Hakim MA, Hajibandeh JT, McCain JP. Is a Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Approach a Promising Management Modality Among Patients with Chronic Protracted Temporomandibular Joint Dislocation? Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2020 Dec 1;78(12):2112-3.

This opinion article shed light on the use of arthroscopic surgery for treatment of certain kinds of jaw dislocation that is normally treated with an open approach.

Hakim MA, Christensen B, Ahn DY, McCain JP. Correlation of Arthroscopic and Histologic Findings in Synovial Membrane Disease of the Temporomandibular Joint. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2020 Aug 1;78(8):1297-303.

This was considered a landmark article by many since it was the first of its kind. Synovium is the lining of joints and the authors analyzed the synovium to try to understand why some patients responded well to arthroscopy and some didn't. They believed the answer was in the joint lining. Dr. Hakim was hoping this study would revolutionize our understanding of TMJ disease. After realizing that the study was not reproducible at other institutions, he pivoted to studying the TMJ at the molecular level and helped get NIH funding to study the genomics of TMJ disorder at the University of Michigan. He was the principal investigator at U of M and had to pass the baton to his colleagues before departing in 2024.

Davis CM, Hakim M, Choi DD, Behrman DA, Israel H, McCain JP. Early Clinical Outcomes of Arthroscopic Management of the Failing Alloplastic Temporomandibular Joint Prosthesis. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2020 Jun 1;78(6):903-7.

This study presented one of the most technique sensitive approaches to treatment of failing TMJ prosthesis. In TMJ, usually joint replacement is considered the last line of treatment. But what happens if the prosthetic joint fails? Dr. Hakim alongside the co-authors performed advanced arthroscopic surgeries to salvage prosthetic joints. When he lectures nationally and internationally, he advises every surgeon not to attempt performing arthroscopy of a prosthetic TMJ given how technique sensitive it was and the risk of complications in the inexperienced hands.

Hakim MA, Guastaldi FP, Liapaki A, Ahn DY, Mueller ML, Troulis MJ, McCain JP. In Vivo Investigation of Temporomandibular Joint Regeneration: Development of a Mouse Model. International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery. 2020 Jul 1;49(7):940-4.

When he was at the Massachusetts General Hospital, Dr. Hakim was a part of a team studying the regeneration of the TMJ using stem cells on mice. The team realized that doing small joint surgery (the TMJ) on very small animals (mice) was tedious and unsuccessful. Dr. Hakim developed a protocol to safely perform TMJ surgery on mice and wanted to share it so future researchers could learn from it. He was pleasantly surprised 2-3 years later when a researcher from Texas called him saying something along the lines of “I'm trying to do TMJ surgery on mice but they keep dying. I did some research and I found your article. Would you please walk me through your technique?“

Hakim MA, McCain JP, Ahn DY, Troulis MJ. Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2019 Nov 1;31(4):561-7.

This review article describes different ways oral surgeons can treat patients in a less invasive way.

Simoni A, Agarwal R, Hakim M. Immediate Clinical Outcomes of a Modified Transmasseteric Anteroparotid Approach to the Subcondylar Region. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2019 Sep 1;77(9):e108-9.

This study explored a new approach for treating a challenging type of jaw fractures with no incidence of transient facial nerve weakness.

Hakim MA, McCain JP. Our Experience at Mass General Hospital Using Two Endoscopic Assisted Approaches to Open Treatment of Subcondylar Fractures; Armamentarium, Technique, Workflow, Surgical Time and Outcomes. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2019 May 1;48:31.

Dr. Hakim presented this at the International Congress of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in Rio De Janeiro in May of 2019.

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To maintain an environment that empowers everyone to become their best selves, and a place where every patient, assistant, nurse and doctor would love to be a part of; a practice where we aim for excellence and build meaningful relationships with each other, our patients and our community.

Dr. Hakim is an educator and leader in the field of TMJ and reconstructive jaw surgery. In addition to his surgical acumen, Dr. Hakim is conscientious and easy to talk to. I give Dr. Hakim my highest recommendation and would choose his practice first for my family.

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Dr. Hakim is not only highly skilled in diagnosing and treating TMJ disorders, but he also has an extraordinary ability to connect with his patients on a personal level. His ability to communicate complex information in an understandable way was incredibly reassuring. Thank you (Simona B. in Italy)

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What is Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) is a specialized branch of dentistry and surgery that focuses on the diagnosis, surgical treatment, and management of diseases, injuries, and defects involving the mouth, teeth, jaws, and face. This field combines dental, medical, and surgical expertise to address a wide range of conditions, including dental implants, wisdom teeth removal, orthognathic (corrective jaw) surgery, obstructive sleep apnea, oral pathology, TMJ disorders and jaw reconstruction.

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call/text 703-504-2141

fax: 703-504-2142

2501 N Glebe Road

Suite 203

Arlington, VA 22207 USA

team@MyJawSurgery.com